Steps involved while constructing a structure

Steps involved while constructing a structure (title)

When it comes to the construction industry various resources, money and time are to be invested in any project. There is possibility of many real time problems while project is on-going. Therefore a proper process, a list of steps is to be planned in order to complete the project in a given stipulated time. So let’s have a look over the various steps involved in general while constructing a structure.

 

Steps involved while constructing a structure:

Let’s understand right from scratch. Let us divide the process into 3 parts.

• Pre-Construction Phase

• Contract set-up

• Execution Phase

 

Pre-Construction Phase:

1. Initially based on the type of structure the land is to be selected. While selecting land various parameters like connectivity with any railway station, airport, schools etc…, vaastu, ground water level is to be checked.

2. Then land surveyor is appointed and the area of plot is known and a certificate is released. (This may cost around 5-6K)

3. Then various soil tests are done and we get the soil reports. (This may cost around 10-15K)

4. The data collected from soil tests and land survey is given to the Architect and Structural Engineer and site plan, sectional plan etc… are made

 

5. Then a rough estimate of cost is made after all plans are made.

6. While the process of estimate is going on, We apply for approval by the municipal co-operation/ any other government authority by submitting our land certificate, soil reports, site plans, service plans (electrical plans, plumbing plans etc…)

 

7. The authority will cost us per sq. Metre; therefore all the dimensions in plans should be in metres.

Contract set-up:

1. After the Pre-construction phase, a tender is prepared. In general tender has many documents which relate to the type of materials to be used, Quality control of the material, which type of tests are to be performed for a particular materials and obtaining threshold values after the tests, types of equipment to be used, time duration and many more parameters.

2. Then this tender is kept open to various contractors .The type of tender process are Open Tender, Selective Tender, Negotiable Tender and Global Tender. Based on the project a tender process is selected and then after examining all tender documents submitted by the contractors the best and optimized one is selected.

 

3. Then the company and contractor sign on the Construction Contract Agreement document. Agreement is a pivot point between tender and contract

4. Now finally after agreement the selected tender gets converted to a contract.

Execution Phase:

1. Initially the land is excavated based on the reports of soil tests and type of foundation and then the land is levelled.

2. After that a PCC (Plain cement concrete layer) is laid in order to have a flat, rigid, impervious and even surface. It also protects the reinforcement from getting corroded.

3. Then based on the required foundation, the process of laying of footing, foundation starts as per the plan. By laying reinforcement and filling it with concrete. 

                            

4. After that, columns are raised and back-filling is done up to the ground surface (before excavation).

5. Until now it was construction of sub-structure, now the first part of super-structure starts that is the plinth.

 

6. Now we have 2 paths.

Path 1: (For framed structure)

1. After constructing the plinth beam, again backfilling is done and we go for laying of columns and beams as per the plans using RCC (reinforcement cement concrete).

2. Then as per the plan slab is made using reinforcement cement concrete.

3. Then we go for laying of masonry walls (in frames structures these walls are of non-load bearing type)

4. And finally the doors, windows are placed.

     Path 2: (For Load Bearing Walls)

1. After constructing the plinth, again backfilling is done we go for laying of walls. 

2. Then we go for laying of slabs using RCC.

3. After this we go for placing the lintels. These are placed above the doors, windows in order to transfer the load in side-ward directions of wall rather than on the doors, windows which are to be placed. Since the wall here is load bearing wall.

4. Then finally doors, windows are placed.

(Now again the process remains the same for both the paths)

7. After this as per the electric and plumbing plans, various pipes, PVC pipes, switch boards, taps etc… are placed.

 

8. Then exterior finishing starts and damp proofing is also given in order to protect the structure from damping.

 

9. Then at the terrace finishing is done and tiles are laid if required and also damp proofing is given to avoid leakages.

 

10. Then finally we go for interior finishing as per our budget and requirements.